解放軍文職招聘考試會(huì)議紀(jì)要怎么寫-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-12-30 15:54:38會(huì)議紀(jì)要(一)會(huì)議紀(jì)要的特點(diǎn)1.內(nèi)容的記實(shí)性它是在會(huì)議后期或者會(huì)后根據(jù)會(huì)議記錄和各種會(huì)議材料整理而成的,注重真實(shí)、客觀、準(zhǔn)確、全面地反映會(huì)議情況和會(huì)議精神,不容隨意深化、拔高。2.表述的紀(jì)要性它不像會(huì)議記錄那樣對(duì)會(huì)議發(fā)言和會(huì)議內(nèi)容逐一記載,它是對(duì)會(huì)議結(jié)果的擇要?dú)w納。3.作用的限定性它只對(duì)與會(huì)單位、與會(huì)人員或者規(guī)定的有關(guān)方面有約束力,要求他們共同遵守、執(zhí)行會(huì)議議定事項(xiàng)。若需在更大范圍內(nèi)發(fā)揮作用,則要由領(lǐng)導(dǎo)機(jī)關(guān)用 通知 下發(fā)執(zhí)行。(二)會(huì)議紀(jì)要的分類和作用根據(jù)會(huì)議性質(zhì)的不同,會(huì)議紀(jì)要可以分為兩類:辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要、其他會(huì)議紀(jì)要。辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要用以傳達(dá)機(jī)關(guān)、單位召開(kāi)的辦公會(huì)議研究的工作、議定的事項(xiàng)和布置的任務(wù),要求與會(huì)單位和有關(guān)方面、有關(guān)人員共同遵守、執(zhí)行。其他會(huì)議紀(jì)要指專門工作會(huì)議、專題討論會(huì)、座談會(huì)、學(xué)術(shù)研究會(huì)等等會(huì)議形成的紀(jì)要。這類紀(jì)要,有的起通報(bào)會(huì)議情況的作用,使有關(guān)人員盡快知道會(huì)議的基本情況和主要精神;有的具有指導(dǎo)作用,它所傳達(dá)的會(huì)議精神,是指導(dǎo)有關(guān)方面開(kāi)展工作的。根據(jù)寫法的不同,會(huì)議紀(jì)要又可分為決議式紀(jì)要、概述式(綜合式)紀(jì)要和記錄式紀(jì)要三種類型。(三)辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要的寫作辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要由標(biāo)題和正文兩部分構(gòu)成。標(biāo)題常寫成會(huì)議名稱加紀(jì)要的形式,如《XX市政府2006年第X次辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要》,或者事由加紀(jì)要的形式,如《關(guān)于綜合治理XX地段社會(huì)治安現(xiàn)場(chǎng)辦公會(huì)紀(jì)要》。正文可以分為兩部分。第一部分是會(huì)議組織情況??梢院?jiǎn)要地逐一寫出會(huì)議時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、出席人員、主持人、列席人員、缺席人員、記錄人等,有的還寫明主要議題。辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要常用這種寫法,以備查考,作為有關(guān)部門執(zhí)行紀(jì)要的依據(jù)。如果與議決事項(xiàng)關(guān)系不大,這部分也可以寫得更概括、簡(jiǎn)單一些,只概述一下主要的情況就行了。第二部分是會(huì)議議定事項(xiàng),這是紀(jì)要的主要部分。要寫明研究的工作、作出的決定、布置的任務(wù)、將采取的措施等。若會(huì)議涉及的內(nèi)容較多,這部分可采用決議式的寫法,分條列項(xiàng),簡(jiǎn)明扼要、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)有序地寫明會(huì)議議決的事項(xiàng)。若研究的事項(xiàng)比較單一,這部分亦可采用概述式寫法。從會(huì)議實(shí)際情況出發(fā),辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要可一文數(shù)事。(四)其他會(huì)議紀(jì)要的寫作這類會(huì)議紀(jì)要的標(biāo)題,除可采用辦公會(huì)議紀(jì)要標(biāo)題的兩種形式外,還可采用新聞式雙標(biāo)題,如《齊抓共管,綜合治理 XX市青少年教育研究會(huì)紀(jì)要》。這類會(huì)議紀(jì)要的正文,包括會(huì)議組織情況和會(huì)議主要精神兩部分。會(huì)議組織情況部分,通常采用概述式寫法,簡(jiǎn)述會(huì)議時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、出席人員、中心議題和議程等。會(huì)議主要精神部分,可以寫會(huì)議召開(kāi)的背景和對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)形勢(shì)的簡(jiǎn)要分析、估計(jì);會(huì)議的指導(dǎo)思想和議題;會(huì)議報(bào)告、講話的主要精神要點(diǎn),對(duì)會(huì)議議題的討論情況和與會(huì)者的反映:會(huì)議形成的共識(shí)和會(huì)上提出的意見(jiàn)、建議(包括學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)上的各種不同意見(jiàn))以及貫徹會(huì)議精神的要求等。這部分常采用概述式寫法,用貫通式結(jié)構(gòu)概括、綜合地反映出會(huì)議主要精神和基本內(nèi)容。也可采用決議式寫法,用分條文、分部分或列小標(biāo)題的形式,寫明會(huì)議討論的主要問(wèn)題、研究的主要工作、形成的統(tǒng)一意見(jiàn)和作出的各項(xiàng)決定等。
解放軍文職招聘考試Secrecy in industry 工業(yè)中的秘密-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-06-30 23:46:31Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their fellow scientists either in other countries or in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same firm. The degree of secrecy naturally varies considerably. Some of the bigger firms are engaged in researches which are of such general and fundamental nature that it is a positive advantage to them not to keep them secret. Yet a great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out. Even more processes are never patented at all but kept as secret processes. This applies particularly to chemical industries, where chance discoveries play a much larger part than they do in physical and mechanical industries. Sometimes the secrecy goes to such an extent that the whole nature of the research cannot be mentioned. Many firms, for instance, have great difficulty in obtaining technical or scientific books from libraries because they are unwilling to have names entered as having taken out such and such a book, for fear the agents of other firms should be able to trace the kind of research they are likely to be undertaking.參考譯文有兩個(gè)因素嚴(yán)重地妨礙工業(yè)中科學(xué)研究的效率:一是科研工作中普遍存在的保密氣氛;二是研究人員缺乏個(gè)人自由。任何一項(xiàng)研究都涉及到保密,那些從事科研的人員自然受到了限制。他們不能和其他國(guó)家、其他大學(xué)、甚至往往不能與本公司的其他部門的同行們進(jìn)行有效的接觸。保密程度自然差別很大。某些大公司進(jìn)行的研究屬于一般和基礎(chǔ)的研究,因此不保密對(duì)他們才有利。然而,依賴這種研究的很多工藝程序是在完全保密的情況下進(jìn)行的,直到可以取得專利權(quán)的階段為止。更多的工藝過(guò)程根本就不會(huì)取得專利權(quán),而是作為秘方保存著。在這化學(xué)工業(yè)方面尤為突出。同物理和機(jī)械工業(yè)相比,化學(xué)工業(yè)中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)要多得多。有時(shí),保密竟達(dá)到了這樣的程度,即連研究工作的整個(gè)性質(zhì)都不準(zhǔn)提及。比如,很多公司向圖書館借閱科技書籍時(shí)感到困難,因?yàn)樗鼈儾辉缸屓思矣浵滤鼈児镜拿趾徒栝喌哪骋槐緯?。他們生怕別的公司的情報(bào)人員據(jù)此摸到他們可能要從事的某項(xiàng)科研項(xiàng)目。